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'Irises-Saint
Remy' by Vincent Van Gogh
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Beauty
Beauty is a value associated with an innate and emotional
perception
of life's affirmative and meaningful aspects
within objects in the perceived world—
ie. vitality, fertility, health, happiness, goodness, and love.
Cognition of "beauty" involves the interpretation of objects
as
being in balance and harmony with nature,
which in turn elicits a sense and experience of
attraction, affection, and pleasure.
In its most profound sense, beauty is said to engender
a salient experience of positive reflection with regard to
the meaning of one's own being within natural life.
An "object of beauty" may be anything that reveals
or resonates with a personal meaning.
Hence religious and moral teachings have often focused on
the divinity and virtue of beauty,
to assert natural beauty as an aspect of a spiritual beauty
(ie. truth) and to define all self-centered or materialistic pretensions
as based in ignorance.
The ancient story of Narcissus for example,
deals with the distinction between recognizing beauty and falling
into vanity.
The presence of the self in any human context means that beauty
is naturally tied to its human meaning,
wherein human beauty is often the dominant aspect of a greater natural
beauty.
Otherwise, objects can be defined as belonging to any of various types,
such as "artificial," or "intellectual" beauty.
In the modern context,
the usage of beauty as means to promote an ideology or dogma
has been a focus of societal debates which center around
issues of prejudice, ethics, and human rights.
The
usage of beauty for purposes of commercialism
is a controversial aspect of the "culture wars,"
wherein feminism typically claims such usage promotes a dogmatic
(ie. "The Beauty Myth")
rather than a virtuous understanding of beauty.
The literal opposite of beauty is ugliness —
ie. the perceived lack of beauty,
which stimulates displeasure and engenders
a deeper negative perception of the object.
Fine
Art
Fine art refers to arts that
are
"concerned with beauty or which appealed to taste".
The term was first attested in 1767,
as a translation from the French term beaux arts
and designates a limited number of visual art forms,
including painting, sculpture, and printmaking.
Schools, institutes, and other organizations
still use the term to indicate a traditional perspective
on the visual arts,
often implying an association with classic or academic art.
The word "fine" does not so much denote
the quality of the artwork in question,
but the purity of the discipline.
This definition tends to exclude visual art forms
that could be considered craftwork or applied art, such
as textiles.
The more recent term visual arts is widely considered
to be a more inclusive and descriptive phrase for today's
variety of current art practices, and for the multitude
of mediums
in which high art is now more widely recognized to occur.
Ultimately, the term fine in 'fine art' comes from
the concept of Final Cause, or purpose, or end,
in the philosophy of Aristotle.
The Final Cause of fine art is the art object itself;
it is not a means to another end
except perhaps to please those who behold it.
The term is still often used outside of the arts
to denote when someone has perfected an activity
to a very high level of skill.
For example, one might metaphorically say that
"Pelé took football to the level of a fine art."
That fine art is seen as being distinct from applied arts
is largely the result of an issue raised in Britain by the
conflict
between the followers of the Arts and Crafts Movement,
including William Morris, and the early modernists,
including Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Group.
The former sought to bring socialist principles to bear
on the arts by including the more commonplace crafts
of the masses within the realm of the arts,
while the modernists sought to keep artistic endeavour
exclusive, esoteric, and elitist.
An academic course of study in fine art
may include a Master of Fine Arts degree.
Types of fine art:
* Architecture
* Ceramics
* Dance
* Drawing
* Film
* Fine art photography
* Furniture
* Music & Opera
* Painting
* Poetry
* Printmaking
* Sculpture
* Theatre
* Intermedia (interdisciplinary,
traditionally referred to as Fine Art Media)
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